Diet for high cholesterol

• Efficiency:therapeutic effect after 2 months
• At your place:2 months or more

General rules

Level increasedcholesterolin the blood is a risk factoratherosclerosis.

This fat-like substance is necessary for formationenzymes,hormonesand other things. However, when its metabolism is disrupted and its level in the blood is elevated, irreversible changes develop in the vascular wall - atherosclerosis, dangerous due to its complications (heart attack,hit, interruption of blood supply to various organs).

Dangerous in terms of the development of atherosclerosis is considered an imbalance between the fractions: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The former have an atherogenic effect and their high content carries the risk of cardiovascular diseases. High-density ("good") cholesterol is produced by the body. Moderate physical activity promotes its production and at the same time reduces the accumulation of harmful substances, which only come from food.

Nutritional therapy was developed to reduce cholesterol levels. A diet to lower blood cholesterol levels can be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases: it is suitable for people who monitor their health. Its goal is to improve lipid metabolism and weight loss. The fundamental principle of this diet is the reduction of animal fat, which we obtain from meat, full-fat dairy products and simple carbohydrates. Polyunsaturated fats (their sources are vegetable oils and nuts), fiber and complex carbohydrates (we get them from vegetables, cereals, bran) should predominate in the diet. It is the large amount of fiber that helps remove excess cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract. The protein content of this therapeutic diet is within normal limits and can be obtained by consuming a variety of legumes and lean meats.

The amount of bread does not exceed 200 g per day, the use of dietary bread with bran is also allowed. Salt and the amount of liquid consumed are limited to 1. 2 liters. Dishes must be prepared without salt, but adding salt to food prepared at the table is permitted. Vegetables are eaten raw or stewed, and it is better to boil (bake) meat and fish to reduce fat in the diet. It is important to eat lots of vegetables for dinner. The daily calorie content is 1400-1500 kcal.

Basic principles of nutrition for high cholesterol:

• Grains, vegetables and fruits, containing complex carbohydrates and high amounts of fiber, should make up about 60% of the diet. Every day you need to eat 400 g of vegetables (one third fresh) and 200 g of cereal products.
• The predominance of vegetable oils in the diet.
• Moderate consumption of dairy products allowed.
• The high cholesterol diet includes fish, chicken and turkey, which are the favorite foods, while lean meat should take second place in the diet.
• The amount of salt is minimal.
• 2-3 eggs per week (unlimited protein).
• Avoid feeling hungry (have fruit snacks on time).

The diet for high cholesterol in women is no different from that of men, and the general principles of nutrition remain the same. Total cholesterol in women and men should not be higher than 5. 2 mmol/l; a value of 6. 19 mmol/l is already considered significantly increased. HDL in women should be at least 0. 9 mmol/l and up to 1. 9 mmol/l; in men this figure is different - from 0. 7 to 1. 7 mmol/l.

The onset of menopause negatively affects cholesterol metabolism and is explained by the fact that with the onset of its synthesise. gTRogendecreases and regulates the production of "good" cholesterol. The increase in "bad" is facilitated by a woman's sedentary lifestyle, overeating and consumption of fatty, high-calorie foods.

The diet for women with high cholesterol should contain, at most, foods of plant origin, rich inphytosterolswhich control and reduce bad cholesterol levels:

• wheat germ;
• Sesame seeds;
• sunflower seeds;
• flax seed;
• olive oil;
• grape seed oil;
• avocado.

They contain fruit and vegetablespectin: apples, citrus fruits, beets, watermelons and natural vegetable juices. Remember that all purple and red fruits and vegetables contain polyphenols that stimulate the production of good cholesterol: blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, cranberry juice, aronia, cranberries, pomegranates, purple and red grapes, plums, aubergines . Salads and green leafy vegetables are also useful: cabbage, lettuce, spinach, sorrel, artichokes and parsley, dill and green onions within everyone's reach.

It is imperative to include legumes in your diet, which, thanks to their high fiber content, will remove harmful cholesterol from the intestines. In terms of protein content, they can replace meat.

It is useful for older women to consume products containing soyphytoestrogens. Do not forget about the correct culinary processing of meat and fish - a minimum of fat when cooking - it is better to cook in the oven, in pots or steamed.

Considering women's craving for sweets, it will be very difficult to give up sweet cream products, chocolate and sweets, pastries, biscuits, waffles and limit yourself to sugar. But this must be done. Fatty meat should also disappear from the diet; you will have to give up processed meat (sausage, boiled pork). Pork, lard and bacon are prohibited. Don't forget about the need for physical activity. All this will bring only benefits: your tests will normalize, your weight will decrease, and you will consider yourself attractive.

High cholesterol is often observed in diseases of the internal organs and endocrine system:nephritis,hypothyroidism,obesity,diabetes. This combined pathology requires a special approach to nutrition and more serious treatment. In each case, the problem is solved individually and therapeutic nutrition for the underlying disease is prescribed. For example, what diet is good for high cholesterol due to kidney disease? In this case, you must complyTable no. 7and its varieties.Diet 7it is prescribed for chronic kidney disease and, in addition to limiting salt and the amount of liquids to drink, involves the exclusion of foods rich in cholesterol (kidneys, liver, egg yolk, brain).

Directions

Shown when available:

• high cholesterol levels;
• overweight;
• hypertension;
• diabetes mellitus;
• diseases myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke.

Authorized products

Proper nutrition for high cholesterol should become the norm. What should it be? First of all, you need to exclude meat broths: prepare vegetarian soups, if this is difficult and unusual for you, you can use a weak secondary broth for the first courses and carefully skim off the fat. Use potatoes in minimal quantities and it is best to make combined vegetable soups, cabbage soup and borscht.

Meat and poultry should be lean; poultry skin is not acceptable; additional fat should be trimmed from the meat. Since the diet involves limiting fats, meat should be boiled or baked without adding sour cream, mayonnaise or fat. Use vegetables as a side dish, not grains. It is better to cook them for breakfast (oatmeal, buckwheat and brown rice).

Cabbage (all types), carrots, courgettes, pumpkin, aubergines or salads made from fresh vegetables and peas help lower cholesterol levels. The total amount of vegetables consumed per day is at least 400 g.

Use virgin vegetable oils to season ready-made dishes. Useful in this regard is flaxseed oil, leader in fatty acid content.Omega 3regulating the production of beneficial lipids.

It is possible to lower cholesterol levels by introducing lean sea fish into the diet, but meat (chicken) consumption should still be limited to once a week. When it comes to fish, you should choose dietary varieties: hake, haddock, blue whiting, navaga, cod, cod.

Rye bread, cereal flour and bran are allowed. You can use yeast-free bread (with bran, with flaxseed) for snacks and first courses. Milk and fermented milk products are only allowed in low-fat and limited quantities. Green tea and light coffee with milk and without sugar, fruit and vegetable juices without sugar are allowed.

Table of permitted products

	Proteins, gr	Fats, gr	Carbohydrates, gr	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
eggplant	1. 2	0, 1	4. 5	24
beans	6. 0	0, 1	8. 5	57
zuchinis	0, 6	0, 3	4. 6	24
cabbage	1. 8	0, 1	4. 7	27
broccoli	3. 0	0. 4	5. 2	28
Brussels sprouts	4. 8	0, 0	8. 0	43
cauliflower	2. 5	0, 3	5. 4	thirty
green onion	1. 3	0, 0	4. 6	19
bulb onions	1. 4	0, 0	10. 4	41
carrot	1. 3	0, 1	6. 9	32
cucumbers	0, 8	0, 1	2. 8	15
squash	0, 6	0, 1	4. 3	19
pepper salad	1. 3	0, 0	5. 3	27
parsley	3. 7	0. 4	7. 6	47
salad	1. 2	0, 3	1. 3	12
beet	1. 5	0, 1	8. 8	40
celery	0. 9	0, 1	2. 1	12
soya beans	34. 9	17. 3	17. 3	381
asparagus	1. 9	0, 1	3. 1	20
tomatoes	0, 6	0, 2	4. 2	20
Jerusalem artichoke	2. 1	0, 1	12. 8	61
pumpkin	1. 3	0, 3	7. 7	28
dill	2. 5	0, 5	6. 3	38
beans	7. 8	0, 5	21. 5	123
garlic	6. 5	0, 5	29. 9	143
Lentils	24. 0	1. 5	42. 7	284
Fruit
avocado	2. 0	20. 0	7. 4	208
oranges	0. 9	0, 2	8. 1	36
Pomegranate	0. 9	0, 0	13. 9	52
grapefruit	0, 7	0, 2	6. 5	29
pears	0. 4	0, 3	10. 9	42
lemons	0. 9	0, 1	3. 0	16
Mango	0, 5	0, 3	11. 5	67
mandarins	0, 8	0, 2	7. 5	33
Nectarine	0. 9	0, 2	11. 8	48
Peaches	0. 9	0, 1	11. 3	46
apples	0. 4	0. 4	9. 8	47
Berries
gooseberry	0, 7	0, 2	12. 0	43
Red currant	0, 6	0, 2	7. 7	43
blackcurrant	1. 0	0. 4	7. 3	44
Nuts and dried fruit
peanuts	15. 0	40. 0	20. 0	500
almond	18. 6	57. 7	16. 2	645
flax seed	18. 3	42. 2	28. 9	534
fenugreek seeds	23. 0	6. 4	58. 3	323
sunflower seeds	20. 7	52. 9	3. 4	578
Cereals and porridge
buckwheat (kernel)	12. 6	3. 3	62. 1	313
semolina	12. 3	6. 1	59, 5	342
cereals	11. 9	7. 2	69. 3	366
wheat bran	15. 1	3. 8	53. 6	296
Raw materials and condiments
basil	2. 5	0, 6	4. 3	27
Honey	0, 8	0, 0	81, 5	329
Dairy products
kefir 0%	3. 0	0, 1	3. 8	thirty
kefir 1%	2. 8	1. 0	4. 0	40
Cheeses and ricotta
ricotta 0. 6% (low fat)	18. 0	0, 6	1. 8	88
curdled tofu	8. 1	4. 2	0, 6	73
Meat products
beef	18. 9	19. 4	0, 0	187
Bird
chicken fillet	23. 1	1. 2	0, 0	110
turkey	19. 2	0, 7	0, 0	84
Egg
egg	12. 7	10. 9	0, 7	157
Fish and seafood
fish	18. 5	4. 9	0, 0	136
seaweed	0, 8	5. 1	0, 0	49
Oils and fats
grape seed oil	0, 0	99, 9	0, 0	899
linseed oil	0, 0	99, 8	0, 0	898
olive oil	0, 0	99, 8	0, 0	898
sunflower oil	0, 0	99, 9	0, 0	899
Alcohol-free drinks
mineral water	0, 0	0, 0	0, 0	-
instant chicory	0, 1	0, 0	2. 8	eleven
green tea	0, 0	0, 0	0, 0	-
*the data is intended for 100 g of product

Products completely or partially limited

Excluded: pork, cooking fats, refined vegetable oil, margarine, butter, duck and goose meat, offal (kidneys, brains, liver), sausages and smoked meats. Fatty fish, fish eggs (contain a large amount of cholesterol), crayfish, shrimps, crabs and any canned fish, including cod liver, are prohibited.

You should not consume puff pastry or butter dough products, or highly extractive meat, fish or mushroom broths. Cream, fat cottage cheese and sour cream are not allowed in the diet. Ban on the consumption of chocolate, wholemeal ice cream, products with cream and products with palm and coconut oil. Mayonnaise and ketchup should not be used as sauces.

Limit:

• beef (1-2 times a week);
• Red fish;
• egg yolks;
• Potato;
• fatty cheeses;
• peanuts;
• buckwheat;
• Honey.

Table of prohibited products

	Proteins, gr	Fats, gr	Carbohydrates, gr	Calories, kcal
Fruit
bananas	1. 5	0, 2	21. 8	95
Nuts and dried fruit
Raisins	2. 9	0, 6	66. 0	264
Cereals and porridge
semolina	10. 3	1. 0	73. 3	328
White rice	6. 7	0, 7	78, 9	344
Flour and pasta
pasta	10. 4	1. 1	69, 7	337
Bakery products
bagel	16. 0	1. 0	70, 0	336
bagel	16. 0	1. 0	70, 0	336
cracker	11. 2	1. 4	72. 2	331
Confectionery
jam	0, 3	0, 2	63. 0	263
jam	0, 3	0, 1	56. 0	238
candies	4. 3	19. 8	67, 5	453
Custard	0, 2	26. 0	16. 5	300
Ice-cream
ice-cream	3. 7	6. 9	22. 1	189
cakes
cake	4. 4	23. 4	45. 2	407
Chocolate
chocolate	5. 4	35. 3	56, 5	544
Raw materials and condiments
Ketchup	1. 8	1. 0	22. 2	93
mayonnaise	2. 4	67. 0	3. 9	627
Dairy products
cream	2. 8	20. 0	3. 7	205
sour cream 30%	2. 4	30. 0	3. 1	294
sour cream 40% (fat)	2. 4	40. 0	2. 6	381
Cheeses and ricotta
cheese	24. 1	29, 5	0, 3	363
ricotta 18% (fat)	14. 0	18. 0	2. 8	232
Meat products
pig	16. 0	21. 6	0, 0	259
pork liver	18. 8	3. 6	0, 0	108
pork kidneys	13. 0	3. 1	0, 0	80
fat pig	1. 4	92, 8	0, 0	841
salò	2. 4	89. 0	0, 0	797
beef liver	17. 4	3. 1	0, 0	98
beef kidneys	12. 5	1. 8	0, 0	66
beef brains	9. 5	9. 5	0, 0	124
mutton	15. 6	16. 3	0, 0	209
Sausages
smoked sausage	16. 2	44. 6	0, 0	466
smoked sausage	9. 9	63. 2	0, 3	608
sausages	10. 1	31. 6	1. 9	332
sausages	12. 3	25. 3	0, 0	277
Bird
smoked chicken	27. 5	8. 2	0, 0	184
duck	16. 5	61. 2	0, 0	346
smoked duck	19. 0	28. 4	0, 0	337
goose	16. 1	33. 3	0, 0	364
Fish and seafood
smoked fish	26. 8	9. 9	0, 0	196
salted fish	19. 2	2. 0	0, 0	190
Red caviar	32. 0	15. 0	0, 0	263
black caviar	28. 0	9. 7	0, 0	203
squid	21. 2	2. 8	2. 0	122
shrimps	22. 0	1. 0	0, 0	97
salmon	19. 8	6. 3	0, 0	142
sturgeon	16. 4	10. 9	0, 0	163
canned fish	17. 5	2. 0	0, 0	88
semi-finished fish products	12. 5	6. 7	14. 7	209
sardine	20. 6	9. 6	-	169
mackerel	18. 0	13. 2	0, 0	191
cod (liver in oil)	4. 2	65. 7	1. 2	613
boiled oysters	14. 0	3. 0	-	95
fresh oysters	14. 0	6. 0	0, 3	95
Oils and fats
butter	0, 5	82, 5	0, 8	748
creamy margarine	0, 5	82. 0	0, 0	745
coconut oil	0, 0	99, 9	0, 0	899
Palm oil	0, 0	99, 9	0, 0	899
rendered beef fat	0, 0	99, 7	0, 0	897
cooking fat	0, 0	99, 7	0, 0	897
rendered pork fat	0, 0	99, 6	0, 0	896
Alcohol-free drinks
Coca Cola	0, 0	0, 0	10. 4	42
Lemonade	0, 0	0, 0	6. 4	26
Pepsi	0, 0	0, 0	8. 7	38
elf	0, 1	0, 0	7. 0	29
*the data is intended for 100 g of product

Menu (power mode)

The cholesterol diet menu is designed for 5 meals a day. Since you should not allow yourself to be hungry during the day or evening, you can eat an apple, grapefruit, carrot or drink a fermented milk product. A sample menu for several days might look like this:

First option

Breakfast	sugar-free bran granola with yogurt; grapefruit juice
Lunch	vegetable salad; natural apple juice
Dinner	borscht in vegetable broth; boiled beef; mixed vegetables with olive oil
Afternoon snack	2 bran loaves; apple
Dinner	green beans boiled with corn oil; cheese; bread; green tea

Second option

Breakfast	omelette with 1 egg and 1 egg white with courgettes and peppers; rye toast; coffee with milk
Lunch	fruit salad; bran bread
Dinner	pottage; baked pike perch; vegetable salad with added flaxseed oil; composed
Afternoon snack	low-fat bran yogurt
Dinner	salad with unsalted cheese "Gracia"; dietary bread; tomato juice

Third option

Breakfast	cereal porridge with water; prune juice; green tea
Lunch	mandarins or orange
Dinner	boiled chicken breast; rice; cabbage and carrot salad; rosehip decoction
Afternoon snack	vegetable salad with bran and olive oil; Yogurt
Dinner	baked fish; vegetable salad with corn oil; juice

Below is a table of low-content foodscholesterol, from which you can make a diet.

Name of the products	In the foreground	Prohibited
Fish	Lean sea fish (hake, blue whiting, cod, navaga, pollack, haddock) and pike three times a week.	Salmon, mackerel, sardine, eel, mackerel, herring, oysters, caviar, shrimp, prepared fish, river fish in limited quantities.
Egg	Up to 3 pieces per week.	Egg yolk.
Fats	Sunflower, corn, olive or soybean oils, up to 2 tablespoons per day.	Lard, margarine, palm and coconut oil, butter, animal fats.
Meat	Veal, rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef once or twice a week. The bird is allowed without skin.	Pork, fatty beef, fatty lamb, duck and goose meat, sausages, liver, kidneys, brains, pate, sausages, sausages.
Dairy products	Skimmed milk, low-fat kefir, yogurt, cheeses up to 20%, low-fat ricotta.	Whole cottage cheese, sour cream, cream, ice cream, curd mass, condensed milk, processed cheese.
Vegetables	Fresh and frozen, corn and beans.	Potatoes and potato-based snacks.
Fruit	Everything except bananas and grapes, as well as dried fruit.	Sweetened fruit, pistachios and peanuts, hazelnuts.
Cereals	Wholemeal bread, brown rice, oatmeal, wholemeal pasta.	White rice, semolina, limit buckwheat.
Oven	Oat biscuits, sandwiches, dry biscuits, "Fitness" biscuits.	Biscuits, pastries, rolls, cakes, puff pastry products.
Sweets	Low-fat puddings, jellies with no added sugar, fruit ice creams.	Chocolate, custard, toffee, jam, pastille, sugar, syrups.
Drinks	Sugar-free juices, green tea, light coffee, natural mineral water.	Cocoa with milk, coffee with cream, alcoholic drinks and carbonated sweets.

Recipes

Baked fish with vegetables

0. 5 kg of pike perch fillet, 2-3 tomatoes, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, peppers, onion, 2 cloves of garlic, 2 tbsp. spoons of vegetable oil.

Coarsely chop the onion, garlic, courgettes and aubergines. Mix the vegetables, season with pepper, vegetable oil, Provencal herbs and marinate for 30 minutes. Also grease the fish fillet with oil and season with the aromatic herbs. Arrange the prepared vegetables on cling film, place the fish fillet on top and cover with the cherry tomatoes. Cook for 15-20 minutes.

Baked fish with vegetables and cheese

Hake fillet 500 g, carrots, onions, tomatoes, low-fat cheese 50 g, vegetable oil.

Cut the fillet into portions, marinate with spices and allspice. In a pan, simmer finely chopped onion and grated carrots, adding a little vegetable oil. Place the hake fillet on a saucer, cover with a layer of stewed vegetables and chopped tomato slices. Cook for 20 minutes, sprinkle with grated cheese at the end and bake for another 3 minutes.

Baked Chicken breast

300 g chicken fillet, fresh vegetables and herbs to taste, 1 tablespoon olive oil. L. , milk 0, 25 cups, garlic.

Lightly beat the chicken fillet and marinate it in olive oil with garlic, rosemary and milk for half an hour. Place in the pan and cook. Season the finished dish with salt and serve with any fresh vegetables.

Chicken fillet with green beans

One chicken fillet, 300 g of beans, pepper, spices, olive oil, salt.

Cut the chicken fillet into cubes and cook until half cooked in a saucepan with a little water. Add frozen green beans, spices to taste and simmer under the lid until the chicken is fully cooked. Before serving, add the aromatic herbs, olive oil and a little salt. Serve hot.

Contraindications

PregnantANDbreastfeeding women, adolescents, sick peoplediabetes mellitus(insulin dependent) this diet is not recommended.

Advantages and disadvantages

professionals	Downsides
Inexpensive and accessible. Includes a variety of products. Normalizes lipid metabolism. Relieves excess weight. Reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.	Unbalanced. There are no simple carbohydrates, so it is difficult for many patients to tolerate. Not suitable for pregnant and breastfeeding women and children.

Reviews and results

This diet is designed for 3 months in some cases and more on the recommendation of a doctor. This diet plan allows you to lose weight and improve your overall health. Many notice the normalization of levelscholesterolANDblood pressure, disappearanceconstipationANDstomach ache, which is associated with the exclusion of fatty and fried foods.

• ". . . The problem with cholesterol arose recently and the doctor insisted that if I had high bad cholesterol, I should start taking pills, but I decided to try to normalize everything with nutrition and I would have time to take the pills. For now I'm giving up drugs, I follow my diet very strictly and I think the results will be there. I didn't repeat the tests, but my blood pressure returned to normal and I lost weight";
• ". . . All together: the anti-cholesterol diet and the pills that I followed for 3 months gave results. The doctor told me not to fool myself, if there is a disorder of lipid metabolism, then I must constantly eat well";
• ". . . There have been changes in the lipid profile and the doctor said that we can still try to bring everything back to normal with nutrition. I looked up all the advice on the Internet, made a list of foods that help with high cholesterol and got to work. At first it was difficult to limit myself to desserts, cheeses and fried foods, especially because I had never eaten so many vegetables. But in three months there have been changes: we managed to lower cholesterol, but not yet to normal. The general condition has improved, the weight has also decreased"

Price of the diet

Medical nutrition is not very expensive. A large selection of available products allows you to vary and modify your diet according to your desires and capabilities. The basis of the diet is fruits, vegetables, cereals and fish.